What Is Industrial & Organizational Psychology?

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转自：http://www.ehow.com/facts_5898842_industrial-organizational-psychology_.html
我觉得这篇文章写得不是很长，介绍得也不错，所以就转过来了。

What Is Industrial & Organizational Psychology?


By Matthew Schieltz, eHow Contributor

The Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) is the official division within the American Psychological Association that handles all aspects related to the professional Industrial and organizational (IO) psychology area. This academic area involves the intersection of psychology and the workplace.

• Definition
  
  • IO psychology deals with psychology and functioning in the workplace, focusing on the behavior of both the employees and managers. The intention of this field is to create a more productive workplace environment.
    
    
  Subfields
  • IO psychology has several sub-specialties that all focus on a aspect of the workplace. Employee management is one area. IO psychology in that area deals with hiring and performance reviews. Training and development is concerned with training employees to do certain tasks and improve productivity. Other areas within industrial and organizational psychology include leadership and organizational development.
    
    
  Education
  • IO psychologists receive extensive training to be eligible to work in this type of career. This type of psychologist typically undergoes five to seven years of training in a doctorate program at a university that offers the IO psychology graduate program. A heavy emphasis is placed on research in areas important to IO psychology, including cognitive development, and job performance and assessment.
    
    
  Work Environments
  • IO psychology is used in many types of work environments and IO psychologists work for many kinds of employees. Large corporations and manufacturing employers use IO psychologists to help increase work production and effectiveness. Psychologists in the IO field work for these corporations but also work for large research firms that conduct research and development in such areas as employee testing, selection and promotion, and employee attitudes.
    
    
  Benefits
  • Even though hiring an IO psychologist is costly for corporations and organizations, employers typically receive benefits by listening to the psychologist and employing her suggestions. Lower employee turnover rates, decreased cost of overall production and company-to-employee match are a few major benefits of industrial and organizational psychology.
    
    

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