admin 发表于 2011-9-11 11:29:19

经验篇:中国研究生最常见的英文写作错误

<font face="Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei"><p align="left"><font color="#ff0000">以下文章转载自科学网,版权归原作者和科学网。(<a href="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&amp;uid=62049&amp;do=blog&amp;id=47853" target="_blank">原文点击这里查看</a>)</font></p><br><p align="left">近读过《一位美国人对中国学生写英文文章的建议》(<font color="rgb(0, 102, 153)"><a href="http://www.sciencenet.cn/bbs/showpost.aspx?id=33230" target="_blank">http://www.sciencenet.cn:80/bbs/showpost.aspx?id=33230</a></font>),受益良多,断断续续花了3天时间来学习并试着把英文的关键部分翻译成中文。下面的翻译中,省略了原文的许多说明性内容和绝大部分的举例。如有翻译不妥甚至错误,烦请大家批评指出。</p><br><br><p align="left" style="text-align: center;"><font color="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><font size="3"><b>最常见的英文写作问题</b></font></font></p><p align="left" style="text-align: center;"><font color="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><font size="3"><b></b></font><font size="3"><b>――源自<font face="Times New Roman">200</font><font face="宋体">多</font>篇由中国科技类研究生撰写的英文论文</b></font><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></font></font></p><p align="left" style="text-align: center;"><font color="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></font><font size="3">作者:<font face="Times New Roman">Felicia Brittman </font>(董仕勇简译,并未征得作者的同意)</font></font></p><p align="left"><font color="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><font size="3"><br></font></font></p><p align="left"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 27px;"></span></p><div class="Section0" style="layout-grid:15.6000pt;
"><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-weight:bold; font-size:14.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">本文目的:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="text-indent:21.0000pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">中国学者的英文科技论文写作中,最常见的写作问题:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">语法错误、口语化、格式组织问题</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">(大多数情况下,格式的不当组织妨碍了作者意思的清晰表达)。本文仅作为一个指南服务于中国作者编辑其科技论文。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-weight:bold; font-size:14.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">本文结构:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="text-indent:21.7500pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">分两节</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">:第一节列举一些在我看来最需注意的问题</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">第二节列举一些其次要注意的问题</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,这些问题对于了解一些英文表达的细微差别非常有用。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-weight:bold; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">第一节</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">a,&nbsp;an,&nbsp;the”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="text-indent:21.0000pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">最常见的错误是漏写。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="text-indent:21.0000pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">使用错误包括:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">1</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)该用的时候漏写,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)不需要的时候却出现或画蛇添足,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">3</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)正确的冠词用在错误的地方。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="text-indent:21.0000pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">冠词,又称限定词或名词标记,包括</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">a,&nbsp;an&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">和</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">the</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">冠词的出现指示一个名词将尾随其后,或者,在冠词及所修饰名词之间还有其他修饰语。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">a</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">an</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">修饰一个泛指的名词,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">the</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">修饰一个特指的名词,名词之前的</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">the</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,表示该名词是一个已知的、特定的名称。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">过长的句子</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">很长的句子在中国人的英文写作中特别常见,这是中文直译为英文的后果。把几个说明性内容写在一个句子中以表示它们(内容)之间的关系,这在中文写作中是可以接受的,但是,在英文里,每一个主要意思通常都由一个单独的、只包含一个支持性内容的句子来表达。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">人们意识到一个句子太长,通常是因为它的长度――</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">60</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">个单词甚至更多,但是,较短长度的句子也可能“太长”,如果它包含了多重陈述并使主要意思模糊不清。怎样避免长句呢?可以把每个句子限定为一个或两个主题。如果作者确实想用一个句子来强调几个主题之间的关系,这时应该使用分号。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">另一种类型的超长句子也经常出现在科技论文中,那就是列举。作者给出了大量的数据(通常是各种参数值)并把它们安排在一个句子里,这就制造了一个长句――足足与一个段落长度相当的长句。然而,表达这一类包含大量信息的句子的最好方式却是表格化――用平行排列的着重号或字母开头来列举这些信息。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">在一个句子中,先写目的、地点或原因,再写主题</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">中国作者在引出主题之前,习惯于首先陈述目的、地点、原因、例子或条件(在句子中用作先行状语)。这样做的效果却是,降低了主题思想的重要性,并使读者认为作者喜欢兜圈子。正确的做法是,把主题放在句子的开始,然后说明地点、原因等等。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">习惯于把指示时间的词组放在句子的开始</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">把最重要的主语放在句子的开始以示强调</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">(即使研究了原文中的</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">个例子,仍不十分明了作者的意思――译者注)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">which&nbsp;/&nbsp;thant</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">指代不明,引起混淆</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">respectively</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">and&nbsp;“respective”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">通常用在句末</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">in&nbsp;this&nbsp;paper</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">”in&nbsp;this&nbsp;study”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">两个错误。首先是使用过多。在一些中国人的文章中,这些短语甚至在一页中出现</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">次。而母语为英语的作者的文章中,这些短语的使用主要限定于</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">处:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-left:39.7500pt; text-indent:-18.0000pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">1.</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-style:normal; font-size:7.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">用在引言和总结中强调文章的内容;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-left:39.7500pt; text-indent:-18.0000pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">2.</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-style:normal; font-size:7.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">在正文部分出现的</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">in&nbsp;this&nbsp;paper&nbsp;/&nbsp;study</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,是在提及他人的工作</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">(</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">发表在其他期刊或出版物上的论文</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">之后。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">所以,如果一篇文章中如果</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">3</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">次出现这些短语,它的使用是有问题的。实际上,读者明白文章所展示的工作是由作者完成的(除非作者是另类),所以,没理由重复这些短语。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">study</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”指作者所完成的工作,而“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">paper</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”指这一工作用文字所展示出来的形式,是读者正手持的或阅读的实体。记住,作者还可以用其他短语,比如“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">in&nbsp;this&nbsp;research</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”,“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">this&nbsp;paper&nbsp;presents”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,来表达同样的意思。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">数字和等式</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">两个非常常见的错误是有关阿拉伯数字和等式的出现形式。中国作者通常用阿拉伯数字取代其英文拼写。尽管阿拉伯数字本身的使用没有错误,但它们绝不应该出现在句首。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">另外,阿拉伯数字往往被过多使用。阿拉伯数字应该用在科技类文章中提供数据,而不应该用来表示一般的数目信息。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">这类错误的出现,可能源自普通话是一种符号语言而不是字母语言。因此,中国作者习惯选择写简单的数字符号而不是字母拼写。特别是同时又有等式占据文字位置的情况下,错误使用阿拉伯数字的问题更加严重,英文为母语的人是不会把等式写在文字位置上的。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">格式</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">1.&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">段落</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">所有的英文段落的第一行都缩进约</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">1</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">英寸,或</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">个段落之间空</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">1</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">行,后者在商务写作中更常见。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">中国学生经常为段落的分合而困惑,他们可能会犯</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">个错误。其一,他们未能把</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">个段落区分开来。尽管新的段落以新的一行开始,但新的一行没有缩进。其二,一个新的段落之前有单一的句子独占一行(该行有缩进)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">(不懂原文意思,作者是想说,一个短句不能单独作为一个段落?――译者注)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">格式</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">2.&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Figure</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”和“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Table</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">二者的缩写分别是</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Fig</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">和</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Tbl</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">。但是,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Table</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">的缩写很少见于正文。你可以用</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Figure</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,也可以把</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Figure</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">简写为</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Fig</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,但在一篇文章中,你应该始终保持一致。你不应该在</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Figure</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">figure</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Fig&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">或</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">fig</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">之中随意变来变去。另外,缩写不能用在句首,单词或其缩写与数字之间应有一空格。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">格式</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">3.&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">变量符号</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">变量符号,特别是那些英文字母的变量符号,在科技类文章中应该用斜体,以区别于英文单词。当然,这取决于一个杂志所规定的风格。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">格式</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">3.&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">大写</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">注意大写不能出现在句子中间。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">such&nbsp;as</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”和</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">”etc.”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">二者经常被中国作者误用。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Such&nbsp;as</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">意思是“例如”并提示其后有一个不完全的列举;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">etc.</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">意思是“等等”,用在列举的最后以表示那个列举是不完全的。所以,同时用</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">such&nbsp;as</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">和</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">etc.</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">就重复了。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Such&nbsp;as</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">的出现意味着其后将有一个不完全的列举,所以当给出了全部的列举时,就不能用</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">such&nbsp;as</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">了。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-weight:bold; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">第二节</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">1</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)一些单词的单复数形式相同,所以不需要再加</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">s</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">把它们变为复数形式,例如:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">literatue,&nbsp;equipment,&nbsp;staff,&nbsp;faculty.</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">2)&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">避免重复。下列短语形式经常在中国作者的英文中出现:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research&nbsp;work</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">(要么用</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">research,&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">要么用</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">work</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,下同――译者注)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Limit&nbsp;condition</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Knowledge&nbsp;memory</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sketch&nbsp;map</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arrangement&nbsp;plan</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Output&nbsp;performance</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Simulation&nbsp;results</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Knowledge&nbsp;information</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Calculation&nbsp;results</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Application&nbsp;results</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">3)&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">一些单词修饰的名词需要改为复数。这些修饰单词包括:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">different,&nbsp;various,&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">数字单词</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;different&nbsp;nodes&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">而不是</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">different&nbsp;node</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;various&nbsp;methods&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">而不是</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">various&nbsp;method</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;two&nbsp;advantages</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">而不是</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">two&nbsp;advantage</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">4)&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">绝对不要以单词的缩写形式(如</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Fig.</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)或阿拉伯数字</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">(</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">如</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">8)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">开头写英文句子</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">5)&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">不要写“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">by&nbsp;this&nbsp;way</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”,取而代之的应该是“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">by&nbsp;doing&nbsp;this”&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">或“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">using&nbsp;this&nbsp;method”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">6</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)千万不要在句子的开头写“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">how&nbsp;to&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">……”(也不要这样讲)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">7</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)要这样写:“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">the&nbsp;results&nbsp;are&nbsp;shown&nbsp;in&nbsp;Figure&nbsp;2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”,而不是“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">the&nbsp;results&nbsp;are&nbsp;showed&nbsp;as&nbsp;Figure&nbsp;2</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">8</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)在正文中变量符号要用斜体,以示它们与单词的区别。当变量符号是英文字母时,斜体尤其重要。要写“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">The&nbsp;graph&nbsp;shows</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-style:normal; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;t</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">(斜体)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-style:normal; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">,&nbsp;a</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">(斜体)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-style:normal; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">,&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">and&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-style:normal; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">C</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(255,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">(斜体)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-style:normal; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">as&nbsp;a&nbsp;function&nbsp;of&nbsp;time”.&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">不要写</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;“The&nbsp;graph&nbsp;shows&nbsp;t,&nbsp;a,&nbsp;and&nbsp;C&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;function&nbsp;of&nbsp;time”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">9</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)在科技类论文中,单词</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">obviously</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">要避免如下例子中的使用:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">错误:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Obviously,&nbsp;detecting&nbsp;regimes&nbsp;by&nbsp;means&nbsp;of&nbsp;PMH&nbsp;maps&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;novel&nbsp;method.</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">正确:</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">Detecting&nbsp;regimes&nbsp;by&nbsp;means&nbsp;of&nbsp;PMH&nbsp;maps&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;novel&nbsp;method.</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">10)&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">国际出版物中的论文不应该使用诸如“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">at&nbsp;home</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”,“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">abroad”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">,“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">here</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”,“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">our&nbsp;country</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”等指定不确定的地方性术语,因为读者很可能不是中国人或并不生活在中国。取而代之的应该是“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">in&nbsp;China”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">11</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)避免过多使用短语“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">that&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;say</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”和“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">namely</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">.&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">取而代之的是,要尽量把你的意思用一句话来表达。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-other; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">12</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">)不要在句末用“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">too</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”,特别是在科技类论文中尤其要避免在句末用“</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">too</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; color:rgb(0,0,255); font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'宋体'; ">”。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; "><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:12.0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p></p></font>

admin 发表于 2011-9-11 11:38:58

<div style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><br></font></div><b><a href="http://u.115.com/file/bhinmgea" target="_blank"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">上面提到的英文原文的下载链接在此&nbsp;</font></a></b><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b><br></b></font></div><div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b><br></b></font></div><div><a href="http://u.115.com/file/bhinmgea" target="_blank"></a>

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